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When the chipmunks ran and jumped across the bend, they exerted strong impulses to the left, pushing the body to the right. Before the bend the substrate reaction yaw angular impulse rotated the animal to the new heading. After passing over the 45�� bend in the trackway, opposing yaw angular impulses were exerted to stop the body's rotation. Rolling angular impulses were mostly similar between straight and turning trials. We conclude that mediolateral forces are more important than craniocaudal forces to change direction in locomotion. Yaw angular impulse is necessary to start and stop the rotation of the body around the center of mass. To avoid rolling during turns, the chipmunks relied on banking rather than exerting rolling torques. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:99�C112, 2012. ? 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ""We validated the Coat-a-Count? radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit for measuring testosterone in plasma samples ErbB of the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum and evaluated testosterone levels in free-living and captive individuals. The performance of the assay was evaluated by the assessment of parallelism, accuracy and precision. Moreover, the high specificity of the assay antibody was confirmed by high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector, followed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results indicated Alisertib price that plasma samples have to be treated with heat and diluted before the RIA for the optimization of the assay. Plasma testosterone concentrations in free-living animals were outstandingly elevated (up to 329?ng/mL), which are among the highest ever reported for mammals. On the other hand, captivity produced a 14-fold decrease in plasma testosterone concentrations, emphasizing that very significant changes in the endocrine milieu may occur in wild animals kept under laboratory conditions. Our results place tuco-tucos as an interesting model for the study of androgen regulation in mammals, suggesting that target tissues may have low sensitivity to the testosterone signal and agree with a scenario of elevated levels of sex hormone-binding globulin in plasma. J. GSK J4 purchase Exp. Zool. 315:572�C583, 2011. ? 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ""Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700, AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands Metabolic responses to temperature changes are crucial for maintaining the energy balance of an individual under seasonal temperature fluctuations. To understand how such responses differ in recently isolated populations (