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Early mobilisation is another key advantage of the transradial technique, especially in older patients [13]. Duplex ultrasound plays an important role in the assessment of VA stenosis or in-stent stenosis; however, the demanding examination technique and interpretation may pose a serious problem for the operator. Therefore, VA DUS should be performed by experienced physicians. For example, tortuosity in the proximal part of buy LBH589 VA or compensation of flow in case of contralateral VA occlusion may result in a significant increase in flow velocities. When in doubt, CT angiography may be the best tool for precise artery stenosis degree evaluation. Computed selleck kinase inhibitor tomography angiography also demonstrates high accuracy for diagnosis of VA in-stent stenosis [14]. Conclusions Our data shows that transradial VA stenting may be a very effective and safe procedure, and it may constitute an alternative to the femoral approach in patients with symptomatic VA stenosis. This refers especially to patients with PAD or with unfavourable aortic arch/subclavian artery anatomy. Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.""In total 207 patients were included in the analysis. Eighty-three percent of patients were male, mean age was 55.5 ��9.7 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.2 ��4.2 kg/m2. Of the patients, 19.8% (n = 41) had clopidogrel resistance, Pentamorphone 18.8% (n = 39) had ASA resistance, 9.2% (n = 19) had both clopidogrel and ASA resistance, and 61.4% (n = 127) were responsive to both drugs. The groups did not differ in erythrocyte counts. However, platelet counts and haemoglobin levels were higher in responders (Table I). Table I Univariate analyses of clopidogrel and ASA resistances Clopidogrel resistance In univariate analyses, clopidogrel resistance was associated with male sex, higher BMI, ASA resistance, lower haemoglobin and haematocrit levels, higher RDW levels, higher platelet counts, and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) use (Table I). Higher platelet count (OR = 1.009; 95% CI: 1.001�C1.016), ARB use (OR = 4.29; 95% CI: 1.44�C12.76), and ASA resistance (OR = 4.79; 95% CI: 1.9�C12.1) were independent variables associated with clopidogrel resistance in multivariate analysis (Table II). The discriminative value of ASA resistance in differentiating whether clopidogrel resistance exists was AUC 0.768, SE (Std. error) 0.045 (95% CI: 0679�C0.857) and p-value