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For the equivalence analysis, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the two randomized groups using independent t tests for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square statistics for nominal variables. In a randomized study such as this, it is expected that the randomized groups should be balanced Paclitaxel in vitro on all measured and unmeasured characteristics. Thus, in the presence of equivalent methods, response frequencies for the five COPD-PS items, mean index scores, and proportion scoring at or above the threshold value of five should be comparable in the two groups. As mentioned previously, the COPD-PS user's guide recommends a threshold of five for indication of possible COPD. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the difference between randomized groups and the confidence limits BGJ398 ic50 evaluated to determine whether or not a clinically meaningful difference was present. The primary purpose of the COPD-PS is as a screening tool to identify persons with a high likelihood of having COPD. Therefore, logistic regression was used to evaluate whether the predictive utility of the COPD-PS differed by method of administration. The dependent variable in this logistic regression model was the participants' self-reported diagnosis of COPD on the medical conditions list; independent variables were group (paper and pencil versus internet), COPD-PS screening status (COPD-PS score �� 5 vs. Fluconazole COPD-PS mean scores. Effect sizes (mean difference/pooled standard deviation) were calculated for group comparisons to provide an indication of the magnitude of these group differences. For the risk factor analysis, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the original sample and the expanded sample using independent t tests for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square statistics for nominal variables. Responses on the COPD-PS were compared between groups defined by gender, smoking status, COPD, and shortness of breath. Sample size calculations were based on achieving a desired level of precision in the estimation of group differences. Assuming an expected difference between groups of zero, to achieve a precision of ��0.15 effect size units (95% CI), would require 342 participants per group.