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The burden of comorbidity was higher in the non-nephrology cohort, with a mean number Pifithrin-�� mouse of 2.3 morbidities per patient compared with 1.9 in the nephrology cohort. Specifically, the incidence of all forms of heart disease (43.8 versus 31.9%, 4 P = 0.022), peripheral vascular disease (12.4 versus 1.4%, P = 0.0001) and a recorded diagnosis of malignancy (25.7 versus 14.6%, P = 0.01) was significantly more common in the non-nephrology cohort. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of hypertension (49.4 versus 56.9%, P = 0.1) or diabetes (35.2 versus 36.1%) between the two cohorts. In the non-nephrology, the incidence of severe hyperkalaemia associated with diabetes (P = 0.01), hypertension (P = 0.04) and heart disease (0.0002) was significantly lower in the cohort of patient with neither CKD nor AKI. Table?3. Documented comorbidities of patients with severe hyperkalaemia Outcome/management Time to repeat potassium was taken as an indication of the response to the laboratory generated alert of severe hyperkalaemia. Nephrology cohort For the nephrology cohort, repeat measurement was undertaken in 188 of 192 episodes. Overall, in patients with severe hyperkalaemia and in which a repeat measurement was recorded, 37% were repeated on the same day as the hyperkalaemic episode and a further 41% on the following day. As expected, the time to repeat the potassium measurement in the OPD was longer than on either of the ward selleck screening library settings (OPD 12.2 �� 34.6, Gen Neph 3.92 �� 14.9, transplant, 2.76 �� 15.7, data presented as mean number of days �� SD, one-way ANNOVA P = 0.08). There were three patient deaths within 48 h of documentation of hyperkalaemia, and in two of these no repeat measurement was available (in these two patients, the measured serum potassium was 6.7 and 6.6 mmol/L, and occurred in the context of patients with known CKD and an eGFR of 14 and 4 mL/min, respectively). Temsirolimus (CCI-779, NSC 683864) Non-nephrology cohort Overall, in patients with severe hyperkalaemia and in which a repeat measurement was recorded, 45% were repeated on the same day as the hyperkalaemic episode and a further 35% on the following day. When separating the time to repeat potassium measurement by clinical setting, there was a significant difference in time to repeat (acute care 0.6 �� 0.89, ward 3.7 �� 20.6, OPD 57.3 �� 101.4, data presented as mean number of days �� SD, one-way ANNOVA P