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Significant clusters of increased activation were detected in dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal/anterior cingulated areas, which are part of the voluntary attentional system (Duncan and Owen, 2000, pp. 475�C483; Hopfinger et al., 2000, pp. 284�C291). Accompanying such activations, clusters of decreased activity were detected in subcortical areas associated to emotional reactivity such as the amygdala (Phan et al., 2002, pp. 331�C348; Sergerie et al., 2008, pp. 811�C830). As in previous meta-analyses (Diekhof et al., 2011, pp. 275�C285; Buhle et al., 2014, pp. 2981�C2990; Kohn et al., 2014, pp. 345�C355), the observed increased activation in areas of the voluntary attentional system is consistent with the neurobiological model of reappraisal, which views it as a controlled process involving executive functions and working memory (Ochsner and Gross, 2005, pp. 242�C249). Furthermore, the decreased activation of limbic areas may be interpreted as diminished arousal following regulation (Banks et al., 2007, pp. 303�C312; Wager et al., 2008, pp. 1037�C1050). Together with these results regarding the voluntary attentional system, the meta-analyses also detected activations of areas that are considered part of the semantic system, such as the temporal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus (Patterson et al., 2007, pp. 976�C987; Binder et al., 2009, pp. 2767�C2796). Despite also these results have been observed in previous meta-analyses (Diekhof et al., 2011, pp. 275�C285; Buhle et al., 2014, pp. 2981�C2990; Kohn et al., 2014, pp. 345�C355), the importance of their Moroxydine contribution to emotion regulation has been neglected in neurobiological models of reappraisal. In the present study, the separate consideration of RS and RPT strategies allowed us to observe the different prominence of executive and semantic areas in the reappraisal strategies. We observed that areas of the voluntary attentional system were activated in RS strategy but not in RPT. Specifically, in the analysis in which these two strategies were directly compared a significant cluster of increased activation located in the dorsomedial/anterior cingulated cortex differentiated activations in RS from RPT reappraisal. These results suggest that the RPT strategy may rely less on executive control than RS, suggesting that executive functions might be not as essential for emotion regulation as previously thought (Ochsner and Gross, 2008, pp. 153�C158; Ochsner et al., 2012, pp. E1�CE24). Several considerations support this conclusion. According to the models of reappraisal as a form of cognitive control (Ochsner and Gross, 2005, pp. 242�C249; DeRubeis et al., 2008, pp. 788�C796), the involvement of voluntary attention in RS should be associated with increased effectiveness in emotion regulation.