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05), and tended to have lower executive set shifting function at 36 months (p=0.059). Full details of cognitive selleck screening library scores at each visit are summarized in Table 3. Table 3 Association of baseline LDL-cholesterol levels with change in cognitive function over time (using baseline, 18-month, and 36-month scores) Longitudinal analysis indicated that Controls showed improved fine motor (p=0.044) and memory (p=0.003) performance over time, perhaps due to practice effects and adaptation to the testing [34-36]. No other cognitive domain demonstrated changes within the Control group. PD subjects, however, had worsening performance in fine motor (p=0.009), processing speed (p=0.013), executive spontaneous flexibility (p=0.015) and attention/working memory (trend-level, p=0.054) tasks over time. Compared to Controls, PD subjects showed accelerated loss of fine motor speed skill (p=0.002) and a trend of accelerated loss of memory (p=0.066) and language (p=0.080). PD and Control subjects, however, had no significant differences in rate of executive set shifting changes (p=0.937). Correlation between cholesterol and cognition at baseline In Controls, there were no significant associations between baseline cholesterol and cognitive scores. Within PD subjects, higher LDL cholesterol was associated with lower language scores at baseline (��=0.008, p=0.015). Relationship between baseline LDL-cholesterol and longitudinal AG-014699 cell line cognitive changes Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that higher baseline LDL-cholesterol was significantly associated with improved executive set shifting scores over time in the PD group (��=0.003, pQuetiapine whereas this association was not seen in Controls (see Figure 1). There was a significant three-way interaction between baseline LDL-cholesterol level, group, and years elapsed related to executive set shifting (��=0.003, p=0.005). This indicated that the predictive association of LDL-cholesterol level and rate of change in executive set shifting was significantly different between PD and Controls (Table 4, Figure 1). Figure 1. Annual rates of changes in cognitive function over time associated with baseline plasma LDL-cholesterol levels Table 4 Association of baseline LDL-cholesterol levels with change in cognitive function over time (using baseline, 18-month, and 36-month scores) Higher baseline LDL-cholesterol was significantly associated with improved fine motor speed skill over time in the PD group (��=0.002, p=0.030), whereas this association was absent in Controls. The three-way interaction analysis between baseline LDL-cholesterol level, group, and years elapsed (since baseline) related to fine motor speed skill did not reach statistical significance (��=0.002, p=0.104). This indicated that the predictive association of LDL-cholesterol level and rate of change in fine motor speed skill did not differ significantly between PD and Controls.