Unveiled: Reasons Why Dabigatran Helps To Make People Happier

p16 negatively regulates the cdk4, causing cell cycle arrest to promote DNA repair process [4,8,9]. On the other hand if the cells are severely damaged and cannot be repaired, senescence may be another alternative [16]. Therefore p16 induced cell arrest or senescence may be one of the mechanisms that prevent epithelial cells of OLP to develop cancer. It is accepted that malignant transformation rate in OLP is lower than that of oral leukoplakia where overexpression of cdk4 occurs but no changes in p16 observed [10,17]. In this context it can be postulated that loss of p16 expression may be an initial sign of malignant transformation in OLP with high cdk4 expression. Thus the combination of cdk4 and p16 may be a useful tool in predicting malignant transformation in OLP. We observed a significantly higher levels of cytoplasmic cdk4 in EOLP compared to NOLP, in pattern (P = 0.001) (Table 3, Figure 3) as well as Dabigatran prevalence (P = 0.016) (Table Bosutinib order 2, Figure 2) of positivity. However difference in the prevalence (P = 0.016) of positivity was not clinically acceptable between the EOLP group (38/43 [88.4%]) and NOLP group (10/17 [58.8%]). According to a previous study, cdk4 was detected in nuclei of the normal and hyperkeratotic tissues while in all groups of oral premalignant lesions and OSCCs positive reactions increased in intensity significantly mainly in cytoplasm (P Alpelisib research buy variability of staining among the batches of IHC. Also molecular methods and image analysis could help in objective evaluation of staining, avoiding the subjective variability. Hence further studies with larger cohort and automated procedures with objective evaluation are needed in future to further substantiate the results and to further establish the association of these molecular markers with the disease pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of cytoplasmic cdk4 and p16 was registered in oral lichen planus, however considerably lower than in squamous cell carcinoma.