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Children with an attention bias toward threat were also less likely to meet diagnostic criteria at post-treatment. Waters et al. (2012) added that the relationship between attention biases and treatment response appeared to be independent of the severity of pre-treatment disorder severity. Finally, Niles et al. (2013) gave participants (N = 22) a 12-session course of CBT or ACT for social phobia. They used a Spatial Cuing task to measure attentional biases. In their variant of the Spatial Cuing task, threatening (angry or disapproving) faces or images of neutral household objects were presented in the center of the screen and this was then followed by a target letter above, below, or to the left or right. The time participants took to identify the target letter was then averaged across both threat categories. Participants who showed slower reaction times identifying targets that were preceded by a threatening face (interpreted as difficulty disengaging from threat) also showed greater improvement in clinician-rated fear and avoidance scores after treatment, relative to participants who showed no response slowing. There was also a trend toward the same relationship with self-report symptoms too. Attention toward threat, and in particular difficulty disengaging with threat, was associated with improved response to treatment relative to if a client showed no threat-related attention bias. Attention-Like Traits and Treatment Outcome People who selectively attend toward threat may also be those who adopt a monitoring coping style in managing their anxiety and who seek knowledge about sources of threat and make greater attempts at processing threat stimuli (Mobini and Grant, 2007). Alternatively, people who selectively attend away from threat �C or who adopt a blunting coping style �C may be more likely to inhibit threatening information and avoid fully engaging with exposure stimuli or situations (Mobini and Grant, 2007). There have been a number of studies concerned with exploring whether monitoring or blunting coping styles, measured using self-report questionnaires, were related to treatment outcomes (Steketee et al., 1989; Muris et al., 1993a,b, 1995; Antony et al., 2001). However, the findings in this area have been mixed. Steketee et al. (1989) found that monitors, relative to blunters, had greater habituation in heart rate, within and between exposure sessions. However, Muris et al. (1993a,b, 1995) showed that blunters, relative to monitors, improved most in self-report symptom measures and behavioral approach following a one-session exposure treatment. These studies do not include a crucial MAO control group of people who were neither monitors nor blunters, but these data would suggest that monitoring and blunting, or at least self-reporting as such, are both associated with improved treatment outcomes at least immediately post-treatment.