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Lowering LDL-C levels may reduce CVD risk, but achieving GDC-0973 concentration goals can be challenging. Lifestyle modifications (including diet, exercise, and smoking cessation) are key components of lipid management and reduction of CVD risk. Statins can be effective to reduce lipids. However, patients may not achieve lipid goals with monotherapy or may experience intolerable adverse effects. Alternative statins or statins along with other lipid-lowering agents remain good options. Achieving LDL-C goals requires a comprehensive treatment plan that incorporates lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions. Patient commitment in setting goals and self-management is essential. NPs can play an important role in educating patients as well as prescribing appropriate treatments. ""Objectives: The aim of this prospective, randomized clinical trial was to investigate the potential of recombinant human growth and differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) coated onto ��-tricalcium phosphate (��-TCP) (rhGDF-5/��-TCP) to support bone formation after sinus lift augmentation. Material and methods: In total, 31 patients participated in this multicenter clinical trial. They required a two-stage unilateral maxillary selleck compound sinus floor augmentation (residual bone height Aldosterone The primary study objective was the area of newly formed bone within the augmented area as assessed by histomorphometric evaluation of trephine bur biopsies. Results: The osseous regeneration was similar in each treatment group; the amount of newly formed bone ranged between 28% (�� 15.5%) and 31.8% (�� 17.9%). Detailed analysis of histological data will be published elsewhere. As secondary efficacy variables, the augmentation height at the surgery site was measured by radiography. The largest augmentation was radiologically achieved in the rhGDF-5/��-TCP �C 3-month and the rhGDF-5/��-TCP �C 4-month treatment groups. As safety parameters, adverse events were recorded and anti-drug antibody levels were evaluated. Most of the adverse events were judged as unrelated to the study medication. Four out of 47 (8.5%) implants failed in patients treated with rhGDF-5/��-TCP, a result that is in agreement with the general implant failure rate of 5�C15%. Transiently very low amounts of anti-rhGDF-5 antibodies were detected in some patients who received rhGDF-5, which was not related to the bone formation outcome. Conclusion: rhGDF-5/��-TCP was found to be effective and safe as the control treatment with autologous bone mixed ��-TCP in sinus floor augmentation. Thus, further investigation regarding efficacy and safety will be carried out in larger patient populations.