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Keywords: Adenomatoid malformation, antenatal, paediatric, sequestration, thoracoscopy INTRODUCTION Sequestration and congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) are congenital pulmonary parenchyma malformations. Although often asymptomatic, Protease Inhibitor Library datasheet they can lead to severe infection or compression of the thoracic structures. In the absence of pre-natal diagnosis, some initially silent lesions may be diagnosed in adulthood because of complications or suspected malignancy. The percentage of adults with this condition without symptoms is unknown. However, in adults, when a small asymptomatic malformation is identified, no intervention is usually performed. For a small sequestration, embolisation can be proposed and for CPAM, a simple follow up. In contrast, the symptomatic malformations are removed at price of a thoracotomy or thoracoscopy. For children, pre-natal diagnosis is now generally effortless and this can have an important impact on early management by thoracoscopic approach. Nevertheless, no guidelines are yet formalised. The problem is that adult and child populations are different for co-morbidity, performance status, capacity to recover and so on; but it is possible to observe some interesting clinical elements. The purpose of our study is to assess management of these congenital pulmonary malformations for children and to define the best therapeutic strategy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all cases of congenital pulmonary malformations (pulmonary sequestration and congenital cystic adenomatoid BGJ398 malformations) seen at Children's University Hospital and Cardiothoracic Hospital between 2000 and 2012. We included: Asymptomatic children with a pre-natal diagnosis, symptomatic children post-natally diagnosed and adults with complications. The following items were studied: Date of diagnosis, clinical history, malformation localisation, date and indication for surgery, duration of hospitalisation, pre- and post-operative complications and pathological examination. The computed tomography (CT) scan argument for pulmonary sequestration was Unoprostone a mass or cystic lesion located in the lower lobe with an aberrant arterial supply. The CT scan argument for CPAM was a hyper echogenic mass inside the pulmonary parenchyma, with multiple cyst lesions of different sizes. The malformation was always confirmed by a pathologic examination. We excluded sequestration associated with bronchogenic cysts. We compare these two populations: The child group and the adult group. The two populations are heterogeneous (Student test and chi-square of Pearson with P