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Additional research is needed in this area with a longer follow-up. ""The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare the tolerance of surgical instruments in surgical guides produced by 3-D printing, without metal sleeves to a surgical guide with conventional metal sleeves from two different manufacturers. Lateral movements of drill tips caused by tolerance between the sleeve and drill key and between the drill key and the drill were recorded after application of a standardized force to the surgical instruments. Four groups were tested: Control 1 (C1): metal sleeve from commercially available surgical system 1; Test 1 (T1): 3-D-printed sleeve for surgical system 1; Control 2 (C2): metal sleeve from commercially available surgical system 2. Test BIBF 1120 supplier 2 (T2): 3-D-printed sleeve for surgical system 2. The mean total lateral movement was 0.75?mm (0.5�C1.04?mm) in the C1 group and 0.91?mm (0.54�C1.34?mm) in the C2 group. The mean amount of movement from tolerance between sleeve and drill-guiding key was 0.31?mm (range 0.22�C0.41?mm) in C1 and 0.42?mm (range 0.29�C0.56?mm) in C2. This lateral movement was in mean reduced by 0.24?mm (32%) in T1 and by 0.39?mm (43%) in T2 group. This reduction was statistically significant Adenylyl cyclase in both groups (P?buy GS-7340 can be further reduced by using a shorter drill and a higher drill key. This can be considered during implant planning and CAD/CAM of surgical guides. ""H. Sun, Y. Liu, K. Wang, F. Deng Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Background Dental implant rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior maxilla is challenging owing to the poor bone condition. Maxillary sinus augmentation techniques are often applied. The compartment above the elevated sinus membrane is typically filled with bone graft materials in conventional sinus floor augmentation. The use of bone graft material has some shortcomings, such as shrink, the possibility of immune rejection, cross infection and increased economic burden. In recent years, studies have suggested that bone graft materials are not necessary in sinus floor augmentation. It has been suggested that bone formation can be achieved in the space created by the Schneiderian membrane ��tent��, which was supported by the implant apex protruding through the sinus floor. On the other hand, short implants have been successfully applied in atrophic posterior maxilla. The study of maxillary sinus augmentation without using bone graft materials has been attracted more attention. Aim/Hypothesis 1.