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As in prior antisaccade studies (Endrass et al., 2005, Endrass et al., 2007?and?Nieuwenhuis et al., 2001), the horizontal EOG for saccades to the left andright were almost identical in amplitude but of Metformin opposite polarity (Fig. S3A). Because there were an equal number of stimuli to the right and left and the proportion of errors to the right and left did not differ within individuals (control: t(15)?=?1.09, p?=?.29; OCD: t(18)?=?0.51, p?=?.62), the effects of the horizontal component of the eye movements are effectively eliminated in the averaged correct and error waveforms. The remaining vertical component of the saccadic artifact peaks at 19?ms and has the same polarity for left and right (Fig.?2B). It consists of a positive deflection that returns Thymidine kinase to baseline ~?100?ms before the peak of the ERN and is mostly eliminated when the correct and error waveforms are subtracted to derive the ERN. It therefore does not contribute to the ERN nor does artifact from corrective saccades on error trials substantially affect the ERN. At the same EEG locations used to measure the ERN, we quantified the effect of the corrective saccade (Fig. S3B). The slope of the resulting signal, time-locked to saccadic onset, is smaller that that of the ERN and is similar for OCD and control groups. In addition, corrective saccades are jittered in time relative to the error, which reduces their effect. Finally, on average, corrective saccades are initiated later than the peak ERN (controls: 54?��?33?ms; OCD: 34?��?35?ms Fig. S3C). A two-way ANOVA with factors trial type (correct, error) and group (control, OCD) on the average potentials between 90 and 190?ms after the response (i.e., the time window used for defining individual ERN peaks), using the same set of nine electrodes as the ERN analysis, showed the expected strong main effect of trial type (F(1,33)?=?22.05, p?Decitabine waveform. Error rates often inversely correlate with ERN and dACC activation (Holroyd and Coles, 2002, Polli et al., 2008?and?Santesso et al., 2006). Regression of activation (or ERN) on error rate with a group by error rate interaction showed that this was true in the present study for left and right dACC activation (left: r(32)?=???0.39, p?=?.02; right: r(32)?=???0.47; p?=?.005) and that there were no group differences in the slopes of these relations (p��s?��?.75). Error rate was not significantly correlated with the ERN (r(33)?=???0.10, p?=?.55) and there was no group difference in slopes (p?=?.