Why Alizarin Greatly improved Our Everyday Lives 2011

(2004). The How and Why task has been used to place people into low- or high-construal level mindsets by prompting them to think about how or why to perform certain actions (Freitas et al., 2004; Fujita et al., 2006b; Wakslak and Trope, 2009; Wright et al., 2012). Following the typical How/Why procedure, the participants received a goal (��Improve Estrogen antagonist and maintain physical health��) and were asked either how or why they would like to achieve that goal. The participants had to answer to how or why four times, each time responding to a previously self-given response. In the how condition, the goal was provided at the top of the page with arrows pointing downward with the how? prompts. Successively answering the how questions requires participants to think increasingly concretely and focus on low-level, subordinate activities relating to the goal (e.g., Improve and maintain physical health, how? ��Go to gym, how? ��By getting a gym membership, how? ��By searching for gyms on the Internet��). In the why condition, the goal was provided at the bottom of the page, with arrows pointing upward with the why? prompts. Providing successive answers to the why questions requires increasingly abstract thinking, in which one must consider the high-level, superordinate goals (e.g., Improve and maintain physical health, why? �� To live longer, Alizarin why? �� To spend time with my family, Selleckchem SB203580 why? �� To be happy��). The manipulation check for the how/why task was carried out in a similar fashion to the procedure used by Fujita et al. (2006b). Two coders (the first author and a second coder who was unaware of the aim of the study and blind to the conditions), coded the responses given during the construal level manipulation task (the second coder coded a random subsample consisting of 30% of participants�� responses). A response received a score of +1, if it fulfilled the criterion ��X by Y��, X being the response and Y being the prompt (e.g., live longer by maintaining and improving physical health). A response received a score of -1 if it fulfilled the criterion ��Y by X�� (e.g., maintain and improve physical health by going to the gym). A response received a score of 0 if it did not follow these two rules. At the end, a final score was calculated by summing the 4 scores. The interrater reliability between the two coders was very high: Kappa = 0.87 (p