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Bilateral hearing loss exceeding 25?dB occurred in nine (36%; median age 7.8 years) SCD children versus three (11%; P = 0.047) control children. The hearing loss in the SCD group was predominantly mild (26�C40?dB), involved low- and speech-range frequencies, and was sex independent. Acute otitis media occurred in two (3%) children with SCD versus four (6%; P = 0.68) control children, Autophagy chronic otitis in zero versus two (3%; P = 0.50), and middle-ear effusion in one versus one (2%; P > 0.99). We found no significant differences in the otological profiles of the study groups. In sub-Saharan Africa, hearing screening of SCD children is a must at preschool age. The actual prevalence of otitis media and its role in the cause of hearing Etoposide loss in children with SCD remain subjects for further research. ""63705" "Background:? The perinatal morbidity risk is higher in operative deliveries than normal vaginal deliveries. ��Tau protein�� is a cytoskeletal component that is predominantly expressed in axons of neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate whether delivery type, particularly the forceps application, had any effect on cord blood tau levels. Methods:? Ninety babies born in the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Ankara Etlik Maternity and Women's Health Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey were involved in the study. The babies were divided into three groups according to delivery type: Group 1: normal vaginal delivery (NVD); Group 2: caesarean section; Group 3: forceps application. Cord blood samples were drawn from umbilical veins of the babies soon after the birth. Results:? The cord blood tau protein levels in the caesarean section group (79?pg/mL [45�C223]) were found to be significantly lower than those of NVD (135?pg/mL [44�C627]) and forceps (175?pg/mL [17�C418]) groups (P= 0.001 and P click here uncomplicated with perinatal asphyxia did not affect the cord blood tau protein level significantly. Tau levels in caesarean section group were significantly lower than the other two groups. Caesarean section in this manner might be considered especially in conditions of risk of perinatal asphyxia to avoid hypoxia. ""63706" "Background:? The aim of this study was to determine the effects of severe hyperbilirubinemia on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP). Methods:? A prospective study was designed. Seventeen term infants who suffered from severe hyperbilirubinemia in the first 5 postnatal days of age were included in the study group. The control group consisted of 17 healthy term infants. Audiological evaluation was performed, including tympanometry and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, and VEMP tests. Results:? All newborns passed audiological evaluation. Biphasic waveforms of VEMP were obtained in all of the 34 infants who had been tested.