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The Mann�CWhitney U-test was applied to comparisons within each group (scope position: 0��/coaxial position, 180��/mirror-image condition, and 180�� using the Broadview camera system). The sample sizes were calculated using a power analysis (two-tailed test, 1-��?=?0.8, ��?=?0.05, Cohen's d?=?1 for the resident and novice groups, Cohen's d?=?2 for the scope position 180��/mirror-image condition and 180�� using the see more Broadview camera system), as previously described. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value of less than 0.05. For almost all the tasks in the HUESAD assessment, the surgical residents had better results than the novices. The deviation with integrated time, the approaching time, and the peak velocity were better for surgical residents than for novices in scope position 0�� (P?Ceritinib more difficult in scope position 180�� than in scope position 0��. The deviation with integrated time of the tip of the laparoscopic instruments in scope position 180�� (mirror image) was significantly worse than the corresponding values in scope position 0�� (P? than in scope position 0�� (P? at 180�� was improved for both surgical residents and novices. The deviation with integrated time at 180�� using the Broadview camera system was significantly better than without the Broadview camera system (P?ARAF surgical residents and novices (Figure?4). The approaching time and the peak velocity at 180�� were also significantly better when the Broadview camera system was used (P?